Meaning
ます makes verbs polite. The same form is used for habits (毎日飲みます) and future plans (明日行きます). Past is ました, negative is ません and past negative is ませんでした.
Formation
How to build this grammar pattern, with an example for each case.
| Form | Structure | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present / future | Stem ます | 食べます | eat / will eat |
| Negative | Stem ません | 食べません | do not eat |
| Past | Stem ました | 食べました | ate |
| Past negative | Stem ませんでした | 食べませんでした | did not eat |
Usage notes
Group 1
Change the last u sound to i, then add ます: 飲む → 飲みます.
Group 2
Drop る and add ます: 食べる → 食べます.
Irregular
する → します and 来る → 来ます.
Example sentences
Common mistakes
Similar grammar
Dictionary form
Plain present
食べる eatない form
Plain negative
食べない do not eatた form
Plain past
食べた ateQuick quiz
1. 飲む → polite form
2. 食べる → polite form
3. Polite past of 見る
4. Polite negative of 行く
5. Polite form of する
6. 昨日映画を( )。
7. Polite form of 来る
8. Polite past negative of 食べる
9. Group 2 verbs form ます by…
10. ます expresses…
Frequently asked questions
Does ます mean present or future?
Both. Context and time words show which: 毎日飲みます (habit) and 明日飲みます (future).
When do I use plain forms?
With friends and family, and inside longer sentences. Use ます with teachers, strangers and in writing for beginners.