JLPT N5 Particle 5 examples 5 min read

で (de) – Place of action and means

で marks where an action takes place, and the tool, transport or language used to do it.

Meaning

で answers “where did you do it?” and “how or with what?”. 図書館(としょかん)で勉強(べんきょう)する is “study at the library”, バスで行(い)く is “go by bus” and 日本語(にほんご)で話(はな)す is “speak in Japanese”.

Formation

How to build this grammar pattern, with an example for each case.

Noun+で formation
Use Structure Example Meaning
Place of action I study at the library.
Transport I go by bus.
Tool I eat rice with chopsticks.
Language I speak in Japanese.

Usage notes

Action place

Use で for where an action happens and に for where something exists.

Means

Transport, tools, materials and languages all take で.

Combines

で can be followed by は or も: 家(いえ)では, 学校(がっこう)でも.

Example sentences

図書館(としょかん)で勉強(べんきょう)します。
I study at the library.
バスで会社(かいしゃ)に行(い)きます。
I go to the company by bus.
はしでご飯(はん)を食(た)べます。
I eat rice with chopsticks.
日本語(にほんご)で話(はな)しましょう。
Let us talk in Japanese.
家(いえ)で晩(ばん)ご飯(はん)を食(た)べます。
I eat dinner at home.

Common mistakes

✗ Incorrect学校(がっこう)に勉強(べんきょう)します。
✓ Correct学校(がっこう)で勉強(べんきょう)します。
The place of an action takes で.
✗ Incorrect部屋(へや)で猫(ねこ)がいます。
✓ Correct部屋(へや)に猫(ねこ)がいます。
Existence with いる and ある uses に.

Similar grammar

に

Time, destination, existence

部屋(へや)に猫(ねこ)がいます。 There is a cat in the room.

を

Direct object

本(ほん)を読(よ)みます。 I read a book.

と

With a person

友達(ともだち)と行(い)きます。 I go with a friend.

Quick quiz

1. 図書館(としょかん)( )勉強(べんきょう)します。

2. バス( )行(い)きます。

3. はし( )ご飯(はん)を食(た)べます。

4. 日本語(にほんご)( )話(はな)します。

5. 部屋(へや)( )猫(ねこ)がいます。

6. 家(いえ)( )晩(ばん)ご飯(はん)を食(た)べます。

7. Which sentence shows means?

8. In 公園(こうえん)で走(はし)ります, で marks…

9. 鉛筆(えんぴつ)( )書(か)きます。 (write with a pencil)

10. Which sentence uses で correctly?

Frequently asked questions

How do I choose between に and で?

Ask what the verb does. For action verbs (eat, study, work) the place takes で. For existence (ある, いる) the place takes に.

Does で also mean because?

Yes, で can give a cause, such as 雨(あめ)で遅(おく)れました (I was late because of rain). At N5 focus on place and means.

Practice JLPT N5 grammar

Take a mock test to check that you can use Noun+で with confidence.

Start mock test