Meaning
に points to a target point. It marks clock times and dates (七時に), where you go (学校に行く), where something exists (部屋に猫がいる) and who receives an action (友達に会う).
Formation
How to build this grammar pattern, with an example for each case.
| Use | Structure | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time | Time に Verb | 七時に起きます。 | I get up at seven. |
| Destination | Place に Verb | 学校に行きます。 | I go to school. |
| Existence | Place に ある / いる | 部屋に猫がいます。 | There is a cat in the room. |
| Target person | Person に Verb | 友達に電話します。 | I call a friend. |
Usage notes
Specific times
Clock times, days of the week and dates take に. Relative words like 今日, 明日 and 毎日 do not.
Destination
に and へ are interchangeable with 行く, 来る and 帰る.
Not for actions
The place where an action happens takes で, not に.
Example sentences
Common mistakes
Similar grammar
へ
Direction
日本へ行きます。 I go to Japan.で
Place of action
家で寝ます。 I sleep at home.を
Direct object
水を飲みます。 I drink water.Quick quiz
1. 七時( )起きます。
2. 学校( )行きます。
3. 部屋( )猫がいます。
4. 友達( )会います。
5. Which time word needs に?
6. 先生( )質問します。
7. 日曜日( )友達と会います。
8. Which sentence is correct?
9. 東京( )行きます。
10. Which is NOT a use of に?
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between に and で?
に marks a target point: time, destination or where something exists. で marks where an action takes place or the means used.
Is に the same as へ?
With verbs of movement they are close. に stresses the arrival point, へ the direction. Only に is used for time and existence.