Meaning
が points at who or what does something or is in a state. Where は sets a topic, が highlights the subject itself, especially when it answers “who?” or “what?”. It is also required with 好き, 分かる, ある and いる.
Formation
How to build this grammar pattern, with an example for each case.
| Pattern | Structure | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Noun が Verb | 雨が降ります。 | It rains. |
| Question word | 誰/何 が Verb | 誰が来ましたか。 | Who came? |
| Like / want | Noun が 好き / ほしい | 猫が好きです。 | I like cats. |
| Existence | Noun が ある / いる | 本があります。 | There is a book. |
Usage notes
New information
Use が to introduce something new or to answer “who?” or “what?”.
Emotion and ability
好き, 嫌い, 上手, 分かる and ほしい take が for the thing involved.
Cannot sit with は
In one clause the same noun takes は or が, not both.
Example sentences
Common mistakes
Similar grammar
は
Sets the topic or contrast
私は学生です。 I am a student.を
Marks the direct object
水を飲みます。 I drink water.も
Means also
私も行きます。 I will go too.Quick quiz
1. 雨( )降っています。
2. 誰( )来ましたか。
3. 私は猫( )好きです。
4. 日本語( )分かります。
5. 机の上に本( )あります。
6. In 誰が来ましたか, what does が mark?
7. 車( )あります。
8. 何( )好きですか。
9. Which word takes が for its object?
10. 空( )青いです。
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between は and が?
は sets the topic and often gives known information or contrast. が marks the subject and often gives new information or answers “who / what?”.
Can が and は appear in the same sentence?
Yes, with different nouns: 私は猫が好きです. は sets the topic (I) and が marks what is liked (cats).